A study of track deflection associated with the landfall of Tropical Cyclone Sidr (2007) over the Bay of Bengal and Bangladesh     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

In this study, the dynamics of track deflection associated with Tropical Cyclone (TC) Sidr (2007) are explored using a numerical weather prediction model. It is found that (a) the simulated track of Sidr is sensitive to flow, orographic, and model vertical structure that change the environmental steering flow leading to the track deflection. In particular, the track of TC Sidr is deflected northwestward for cases with lower domain height, horizontal domain covering only part of Himalaya mountains, and varying mountain heights; (b) the simulated track of TC Sidr, when compared with GFS reanalysis data, is mainly controlled by its deep-layer environmental steering flow as a point vortex; (c) the northwestward deflection with lower domain height is caused by an artificially larger high pressure at lower levels in the vicinity of the Himalayas, due to the upward propagation of wave energy being reflected by the upper domain boundary; (d) the significant northwestward deflection associated with the varying mountain height cases is due to the cyclone vortex being advected by the northeasterly monsoonal flow, which is blocked by the mountains in the corresponding cases with mountains; (e) the northeastward track deflection after the landfall of Sidr is explained by the addition of the frictional force.In summary, the model vertical domain height and the Himalaya mountain representation play key roles in influencing the accuracy of TC Sidr track simulation, compared with other factors, such as the vertical resolution, at least for TC Sidr.  相似文献   

Effects of vertical wind shear and storm motion on tropical cyclone rainfall asymmetries over the North Indian Ocean     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall asymmetry is often influenced by vertical wind shear and storm motion. This study examined the effects of environmental vertical wind shear (200-850 hPa) and storm motion on TC rainfall asymmetry over the North Indian Ocean (NIO): the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS). Four TC groups were used in this study: Cyclonic Storm (CS), Severe Cyclonic Storm (SCS), Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) and Extreme Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS). The Fourier coefficients for wave number-1 was used to analyze the structure of TC rainfall asymmetry. Results show that the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was predominantly in the downshear left quadrant in the BoB, while it placed to downshear right quadrant in the AS, likely due to the different primary circulation strength of the TC vortex. For the most intense cyclone (ESCS), the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was in the upshear left quadrant in the BoB, whereas it was downshear right quadrant in the AS. It is evident for both basins that the magnitude of TC rainfall asymmetry declined (increased) with TC intensity (shear strength). This study also examined the collective effects of vertical wind shear and storm motion on TC rainfall asymmetry. Here, the analysis in case of the strong shear environment (>7 m s^-1) omitted for the AS because the maximum value for this basin was about 7 m s^-1. The result showed that the downshear left quadrant was dominant in the BoB for the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry. In a weak shear environment (<5 m s^-1), on the other hand, downshear right quadrant is evident for the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry in the BoB, while it placed dominantly downshear left quadrant in the AS. In the case of motion-relative wavenumber-1, the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was dominantly downshear for both basins.  相似文献   

山东5月降水异常环流型及其与海温异常的联系          下载免费PDF全文

伯忠凯  胡桂芳  徐玮平 《山东气象》2021,41(2):119-125

利用 1981—2019 年 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和观测降水资料,对山东5月降水多（少）雨年环流特征进行分型,分析前期海温影响大气环流进而影响降水的过程。结果表明：典型多（少）雨年,亚洲中高纬环流呈“－、＋”（“＋、－” ）距平分布,盛行纬（经）向环流,东亚大槽偏弱（强）。前期冬春季黑潮区和热带印度洋海温是影响山东5月降水的关键外强迫因子,黑潮区海温偏暖（冷）时,其上空500 hPa高度场为明显正（负）距平,低层风场呈现异常反气旋（气旋）,山东受异常东南风（偏西风）控制,加强（削弱）了水汽输送, 利于降水偏多（少）。热带印度洋偏暖年,山东地区 500 hPa高度场上表现为西低东高,低层处于异常反气旋后部的东南气流中,这与典型多雨年的环流特征基本一致,印度洋偏冷年对应环流特征与偏暖年大致相反。  相似文献   

台风“利奇马”对钻孔体应变的扰动分析——以浙江地区为例     

尹晶飞  汪贞杰  江聪杰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2022,43(4):95-105

利用台风“利奇马”过境浙江期间,岱山地震台、东阳地震台钻孔体应变数据,采用数据滤波和线性回归等方法,分析了这2个台站钻孔体应变对台风的响应特征。结果表明,东阳地震台受台风引起的低气压的影响,钻孔体应变与气压同步变化;而岱山地震台受低气压和降水的共同影响,钻孔体应变与气压在变化的相关性和同步性上均有差异。气压和降水导致钻孔体应变的变化量可以通过负载力学模型进行估算求解。  相似文献   

晚第四纪下切河谷体系研究综述     

林春明  张霞  黄舒雅 《地质论评》2022,68(1):2022010006-2022010006

下切河谷的研究不仅可以正确划分地层、确立年代地层格架、判定沉积环境演变、探讨海平面变化规律,对碳氢化合物勘探开发、地质工程等重大国民经济建设也有重要意义。本文介绍了下切河谷体系概念、特征、划分类型、研究历程和科学意义,着重论述了晚第四纪下切河谷的形成演化、层序地层格架和控制因素。晚第四纪下切河谷体系主要是海平面下降、河流向盆地扩展并侵蚀下伏地层的下切河流体系,在海平面上升时期被充填的长条状负向地形,以区域性的地层不整合面为底界。浪控型与潮控型下切河谷体系模式有许多不同之处：① 前者存在河口砂坝、中央盆地、湾顶三角洲,后者则没有这些沉积单元;② 前者浅海沉积较薄,后者较厚;③ 前者代表了贫砂的小河河口湾,由于泥砂量少,河口湾在最大海侵线附近,后者河流作用较强,泥砂量相对大,现代河口湾不断向海扩展,较下切河谷范围要大的多;④ 前者涉及溯源堆积在下切河谷充填中的作用,但对其强度估计不足。下切河谷体系的形成演化的影响因素众多,海平面变化、沉积物供应、沉积过程、下切河谷形态和气候变化等是主要控制因素。  相似文献   

内蒙古额尔古纳红水泉地区奥陶系乌宾敖包组沉积时代及物源区分析:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学,Lu-Hf同位素地球化学证据     

黄泽涛  梁新权  梁细荣  宋天骄  王策 《地球化学》2022,51(1):98-122

选取内蒙古额尔古纳红水泉地区奥陶系乌宾敖包组石英砂岩进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、原位Lu-Hf同位素研究,尝试限定该地层形成时代及碎屑物质来源,并探讨其沉积大地构造环境。结果显示,采自该地层的2个砂岩样品中的碎屑锆石多数发育典型的岩浆振荡生长环带,呈自形–半自形且具有较高的Th/U值(0.12~1.63),均暗示它们多数为岩浆成因。结合微量元素特征及稀土元素配分模式图,认为碎屑锆石寄主岩石应为花岗质杂岩体。2个砂岩样品具有相似的年龄和Hf同位素组成,锆石年龄分布大致可分为3个主要年龄区间:(1)440~540 Ma,主峰值年龄约为492 Ma和506 Ma,次峰值年龄为447 Ma;ε_Hf(t)值介于?2.77~+11.73之间,Hf的两阶段模式年龄为680~1636 Ma;(2)750~950 Ma,主峰值年龄为805 Ma,次峰值年龄为825 Ma和961 Ma;ε_Hf(t)值介于?1.14~+11.43之间,Hf的两阶段模式年龄为1100~1824 Ma;(3)1700~2000 Ma,峰值年龄为1787 Ma;ε_Hf(t)值介于?9.18~?2.75之间,Hf的两阶段模式年龄为2682~3016 Ma。所有样品碎屑锆石ε_Hf(t)值为?9.18~+11.73,Hf的两阶段模式年龄为680~3016 Ma,大部分锆石的Hf同位素组成集中于球粒陨石与亏损地幔标准线之间,表明沉积物源以早古生代和新元古代新增生地壳物质为主,同时存在少量中元古代晚期古老地壳物质的活化改造。结合前人已报道的邻区相关岩体年代学及地球化学资料,研究区乌宾敖包组的沉积时代不早于晚奥陶世,沉积物主要来自额尔古纳和兴安地块的近缘碎屑物,其形成与早古生代时期古亚洲洋演化过程中额尔古纳与兴安地块碰撞拼贴以及随后的伸展垮塌相关。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of Late Ordovician intrusive rocks in the West Kunlun orogenic belt: Constraints on the subduction process of the Proto-Tethys OceanSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

陶再礼  尹继元  袁超  肖文交  陈文  陈岳龙  王雅美  杨帆 《岩石学报》2022,(11):3321-3340

西昆仑造山带发育有大量的早古生代岩浆岩,它们的形成与原特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞密切相关,然而,对于这些岩浆岩的岩石成因和形成的构造背景仍然存在较大的争议。本文对西昆仑造山带早古生代阿喀孜二长岩和赛图拉石英闪长岩岩体开展了详细的矿物学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf-O同位素研究,以探讨这些侵入岩的岩浆源区与成因,揭示原特提斯洋在这一时期的构造演化过程。这两个岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为456±2Ma和452±2Ma,指示它们形成于晚奥陶世。阿喀孜二长岩具有富碱(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O=10.5%~11.8%)、富钾(K_(2)O/Na_(2)O=1.20~1.44)特征,相对低MgO(0.89%~0.97%)、TiO_(2)(0.42%~0.45%)含量,富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,且具有较高的全岩锆饱和温度(T_(Zr)=814~862℃),属于钾质碱性岩石。该岩体具有较高的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(i)值(0.72057~0.72186),负的全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值(-5.1~-4.5)和负的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(-7.6~-3.4),以及较高的锆石δ^(18) O值(5.39‰~7.94‰),表明其源区可能为伸展环境下古老基性下地壳部分熔融。赛图拉石英闪长岩SiO_(2)含量为56.8%~58.6%,全碱(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)含量为5.75%~6.39%,具有较低的铝饱和指数(A/CNK=0.85~0.89),相对高的MgO含量(2.93%~3.41%)以及Mg^(#)值(~45),为高钾钙碱性系列岩石。它们富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th)和亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),且具有微弱的Eu异常(δEu=0.72~0.77),类似于俯冲带岩浆岩地球化学特征。这些石英闪长岩具有相对高的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(i)比值(0.71317~0.71322),负的全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值(-5.6~-5.1)和负的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(-7.8~-2.9),与同时期来源于富集地幔的基性岩同位素特征相似,表明赛图拉石英闪长岩岩浆可能是由俯冲板片流体交代的富集地幔楔部分熔融形成,并在岩浆演化的过程中经历了橄榄石、辉石、角闪石、磷灰石和Fe-Ti氧化物等矿物的分离结晶作用。结合同位素和数字模拟计算(Rhyolite-MELTS)结果表明,赛图拉石英闪长岩可能由塔里木克拉通南缘玄武质岩浆的分离结晶而成。综合前人研究,本文提出晚奥陶世阿喀孜二长岩和赛图拉石英闪长岩形成于原特提斯洋向北俯冲相关的活动大陆边缘环境,该时期原特提斯洋板片回撤,诱发软流圈地幔的上涌,从而产生了大量的弧岩浆岩。  相似文献   

Tectonic evolution of the Late Paleozoic Early Mesozoic orogenic belt in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Block: Evidence from meta volcanic rocks of Jianshanzi,northern Liaoning ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

Zhang Nuo  Wang ChangBing  Liu ZhengHong  Xu ZhongYuan  Li Gang  Xuan YuFei  Gao Yu  Wang Chen 《岩石学报》2022,(8):2323-2344

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, whole -rock geochemistry and Hf isotopic analyses for the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks in the Kaiyuan area are presented to explore the Late Paleozoic -Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution history of the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block. The detailed research indicates that the protolith of Jianshanzi metamorphic volcanic rocks includes rhyolite, dacite and andesite, they are calc-alkaline series and metaluminous-weak peraluminous rocks. According to the zircon U-Pb dating, the metamorphic rhyolite and metamorphic andesite formed in the Late Permian (256. 1 +/- 1. 5Ma, 252.4 +/- 1. 7Ma) and the Late Triassic (222. 4 +/- 1. 8Ma, 227. 9 +/- 1. 2Ma), respectively. They are characteristized by enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depletion of heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Metamorphic rhyolite has an obvious negative Eu anomaly with epsilon(Hf) ( t) values of 10. 83 + 8. 10 and the second -stage model are 698 similar to 1967Ma. They are mainly due to the partial melting of the juvenile basaltic lower crust and the contamination of a small amount of ancient crustal materials. Metamorphic andesite has no obvious Eu anomaly, and the epsilon(Hf)( t) value and the second -stage model are +4.54 similar to + 6. 79 and 825 similar to 968 Ma, which may be the product of partial melting of basic lower crust. There are two periods of magmatism in Jianshanzi volcanic rocks: Late Permian -Early Triassic (247 similar to 256Ma) and Late Triassic (similar to 225Ma). The material composition of the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks is characterized by different times and different tectonic backgrounds. It is comprehensively believed that the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block was in an active continental margin tectonic environment during the Permian, and the Palaeo-Asian Ocean subducted in both directions; Mantle -derived magma ascends and emplaces, forming a nascent crust and causing crustal thickening. The Paleo-Asian Ocean finally closed in the early Middle Triassic, and the impact of collisional orogeny may have continued until the early Late Triassic.  相似文献   

真三轴单面临空下煤岩组合体冲击破坏特征试验研究     

杨科  刘文杰  马衍坤  许日杰  池小楼 《岩土力学》2022,(1):15-27

煤岩复合承载结构所处的应力边界条件不同,冲击地压在巷道中的显现特征和前兆规律亦不相同。采用高频振动采集及孔内成像三轴动静载试验系统,开展了高静载和动静载耦合作用下煤岩组合体真三轴单面临空试验,分析了煤岩组合体界面处力学特征和强度条件,探究了不同应力边界下煤岩组合体的破坏形态、动力显现特征和声发射信号的演变规律。研究结果表明:(1)受煤岩变形相互制约的影响,交界面处砂岩强度被"弱化"。当界面处煤体裂隙尖端的应力大于"弱化"后砂岩强度时,裂隙将穿过煤岩界面发育至砂岩中,砂岩呈现出屈曲层裂、劈裂成板的破坏形态。(2)高静载作用下,煤岩组合体变形破坏特征和声发射信号具有明显的前兆规律,组合体发生承载失效前煤体局部颗粒弹射动能增大、弹射颗粒块度降低,声发射信号由"高频低能"向"高频高能"转变,组合体的破坏形态以剪切-张拉复合破坏为主。(3)受冲击动载影响,顶底板砂岩夹持作用减弱,煤体裂纹尖端应力得不到有效积聚,裂纹扩展到煤岩交界面时被阻隔,组合体以煤样的张拉破坏为主,声发射信号呈现出"高频高能"的特点,但大多集中在冲击破坏之后,导致组合体动力破坏难以预测。(4)与纯静载作用相比,虽然动静载耦合作...  相似文献   

西藏荣玛地区上三叠统日干配错组沉积环境及其构造意义     

陈耀飞  侯恩刚  高金汉  肖红吉  王根厚 《现代地质》2022,36(1):48-57

西藏荣玛地区上三叠统日干配错组发育厚度较大的碳酸盐岩夹少量碎屑岩沉积,在野外剖面实测的基础上,对这套碳酸盐岩进行了岩相与微相分析。通过对碳酸盐岩样品显微薄片观察分析,共识别出13个微相。根据岩石特征及其组合类型划分出6个沉积相:陆源碎屑滨岸相、局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘浅滩相、台地边缘礁相和斜坡相。分析结果表明,晚三叠世荣玛地区主要为陆源碎屑滨岸-浅海碳酸盐台地环境,夹有较深水的斜坡相沉积,共发生了4次海侵-海退旋回,并间隔有若干次小规模的海平面升降变化。区域上,班公湖—怒江洋北缘晚三叠世的沉积环境大体一致,且广泛发育晚二叠世—晚三叠世之间的区域不整合,故认为班公湖—怒江洋的开启时间为晚三叠世之前,且东西段呈准同时开启模式打开。  相似文献